According to the RBC news agency, around 419,000 people left Russia in the first half of 2022, double the previous year.
The figures also marked the first time in recent history that Russia has seen emigration higher than immigration, with some 322,000 people registered on departure.
The Russian statistical authority Rosstat did not provide details on the nationality of the migrants.
Russia traditionally attracts immigrants from former Soviet republics. This year, however, the movement was the other way around, with 369,000 people leaving Russia for former Soviet states and only 295,000 entering Russia from those countries. Nearly 80,000 people have chosen Ukraine as their destination.
Russia launched its invasion of Ukraine in February, which led not only to an exodus from Ukraine, but also to a wave of people leaving Russia.
Russian political opponents went into exile, and many young skilled workers also fled the country in search of better opportunities as companies withdrew.
Important Russian communities have formed in Armenia and Georgia, particularly due to the relatively loose entry requirements for Russians.
The Russian population overall decreased by 480,000 in the first six months of the year, partly due to natural population loss.